英语非谓语动词有哪些(英语里非谓语动词有哪些)
英语非谓语动词有哪些,英语里非谓语动词有哪些。小编来告诉你更多相关信息。
一、谓语动词与非谓语动词的判定
1、利用动词的形式判断谓语动词与非谓语动词。
1)各时态的谓语动词的形式(见时态语态一章), 注意:情态动词+do是谓语动词的一种形式
2)非谓语动词:to do / doing /done 例:
Heated, ice can turn into water.
The children are working hard on the farm, singing and laughing.
2、一个句子中,已经出现谓语动词又没有连词的情况下。还有别的动词出现时,需要用非谓语动词。
EG:The man took out the key, opened the door and entered the room.
The question discussed at the meeting yesterday is of great importance.
二、非谓语动词的逻辑主语
1、非谓语动词虽然不作谓语,但依然保留着动词的特征,就是动词表示的动作一定有“执行者”,及物动词表达的动作会有一个“承受者”。非谓语动作的执行者和承受者就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语或宾语。如:
EG:We will have many difficult problems to deal with. 我们会有许多棘手问题需要处理。
(To deal with的执行者(逻辑主语)是句子主语we,承受者(宾语)是problems)
EG:The problem to be dealt with is how we can get the text books.
(To be dealt with的承受者the problems变成了逻辑主语, 由于不定式用的是被动形式,因此没有宾语)
2、如何确定非谓语动词的逻辑主语
①非谓语动词在句子里作“状语”时,它的逻辑主语就是句中主语。
EG:Not knowing what to do next, we went to the teacher for help. 因为不知道下一步怎么办,我们去求助老师。
(作原因状语的非谓语动词短语(not knowing what to do next)的逻辑主语(执行者)是句子主语we)
②非谓语动词在句子里作“定语”时,它的逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。
EG:The building built last year is our library.
③非谓语动词在句子里作宾语补足语时,它的逻辑主语就宾语。
EG:When we enter the classroom, we found Tom seated on his chair.
三、非谓语动词的时态语态及其基本性质
例如:
EG1: He hope to finish reading the book tonight.
EG2: She pretended to be reading when the teacher came in.
EG3: He pretended to have forgotten the conversation that night.
他假装已经忘记了那晚的对话。
EG4: It is impossible for him to be appointed.他不可能被任命。
EG5: They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。
EG6: Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.
没有收到答复他决定再写一遍
EG7: The building being built is our new teaching building.
EG8: The building built last year is our science building.
四、非谓语动词其它常考考点
1、只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语
mind(介意), escape(逃脱), miss(想念,错过), enjoy(喜欢),practise(练习)。
prevent(预防),dislike(不喜欢),admit(承认), suggest(建议)
=advise=recommend, keep(保持),consider(考虑), can’t help(情不自禁)。
can’t stand(不能忍受), risk(冒险), resist(抵抗,反对),give up (放弃), avoid(避免),appreciate(欣赏),finish(完成),imagine(想象)
记忆口诀:memep喜欢承认skrgafi (谐音:妹妹不喜欢承认吃颗粒咖啡)
2、只接to do做宾语的动词或短语
hope(希望), want(想), offer(主动提出做...,提供), long(渴望), fail(失败,未能做...), expect(期待), wish(希望), ask(要求), decide(决定), pretend(假装), manage(成功设法做.....), agree(同意), afford(负担得起), determine(决定), promise(承诺), happen(碰巧), refuse(拒绝) seem/appear(似乎)
3、Sth. need/want/require(需要)+doing (某物需要被…)
= Sth. need/want/require(需要)+to be done
EG: The classroom needs cleaning=The classroom needs to be cleaned.
4、同一动词后接to与doing的不同用法
5、非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别:
6、不定式的复合结构
①for sb. to do sth.
EG:It is necessary for to do something for protecting the environment.
②of sb. to do sth.(如果不定式前面的形容词说明不定式表示的动作的执行者的特性时,其逻辑主语常用of引出。此类形容词常见的有:kind, nice, good, polite, rude, patient, careful, wise, clever, selfish, cruel等)
EG: It was cruel of them to eat rare wild animals.
7、but/except to do sth.除了做...之外(当but/except前出现行为动词do的适当形式时,to通常省略)
EG:My brother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.
8、其它非谓语动词常考的句型
①only to do sth. (一个较为特殊的结果状语,只限于表到意想不到的而且令人沮丧或失望的结果。如:
He came back from the USA hurriedly only to find his girlfriend got married to another guy.)
②It’s a waste of time doing sth. 做....是浪费时间
It’s(no)fun doing sth. 做....(没)有趣
It’s no good doing sth.做....没有好处
It’s no use doing sth. 做……是没有用的
be worth doing sth. ....是值得(被)做
EG:It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。
EG:It is a great fun playing football.踢足球很有趣。
EG:It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。
③spend/waste time (in) doing sth.花/浪费时间做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
④feel like + 名词/动名词:“ 想要” =would like to +原形动词
EG:Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗?
⑤be busy doing 忙着做… EG:I am busy writing my thesis.我正忙着写论文。
⑥独立成分
generally speaking一般说来;
frankly speaking坦白地说;
judging from/by...根据……来判断;
compared with/to....与....相比
considering.../taking...into consideration
考虑到……;
to tell you the truth说实话;
to be honest说实话;
五、应考技巧:
1、要分清句子结构,判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
2、要分清非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动,同时要弄清非谓语动词所表达的时间概念。
3、要牢记固定搭配与句型结构。