考前必看!历年英语四级考试汉译英真题解析
历年英语四级考试汉译英真题有哪些呢?不知道的小伙伴来看看小编今天的分享吧!
1、汉语分句的连接
汉语的复句往往由多个分句构成,分句之间仅用逗号隔开。英语注重形合,意义关联的句子需要通过从句、非谓语结构等方式紧密连接起来。汉译英可采用从句来连接分句,也可用-ing分词等非谓语动词来连接。此外,将汉语中的分句转变为名词短语或介词短语也是常用的连接分句的方法。
例1:美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使,用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、规划旅程或付款。
译文:American netizens are more often driven by practical needs, resorting to the internet to send e-mails, buy and sell goods, plan trips or pay for bills.
点评:本句由两个分句构成,后面的分句起到了补充说明的作用,在英语中可以采用-ing分词结构来翻译。
例2:中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网,因而更广泛地使用QQ、聊天室等。
译文1:Chinese netizens go online for social purposes, using the social media such as QQ and chat-rooms.
译文2:Chinese netizens use the internet for social purposes, with the wider use of the social media such as QQ and chat-rooms.
点评:本句由两个分句构成,后面的分句是前面的结果,也可以视为是具体说明部分,同样可以采用-ing分词结构来翻译,如译文1做示。同时,后面的分句内容较为简单,也可以转化为with引导的短语,作英语句子的状语。
例3:越来越多的中国年轻人正在对旅游产生兴趣,这是今年来的新趋势。
译文:More and more young people in China are interested in traveling, which is a new trend in recent years.
点评:本句中“这”指代上句所说的内容,英语中which可以指代上文的内容,因此本句可以采用which引导的定语从句来连接。
例4:大熊猫是一种温顺的动物,长着独特的黑白皮毛。
译文:The giant panda is a docile animal with unique black and white fur.
点评:汉语分句较多,内容简单的汉语分句一般在英语中不需要译成句子,译成名词短语或介词短语,会使译文更为紧凑简洁。如本句中“长着独特的黑白皮毛”可译为介词短语with unique black and white fur。
2、重复现象的处理
汉语中存在较多的重复现象,在同样的语境中,英语更倾向于省略或变化,不用重复的词语或结构。汉译英时,需要正确处理汉语的重复信息,采用合乎英语习惯的指代和省略等方式,对重复成分灵活处理,使译文自然流畅。
例5:中国网民往往不同于美国网民。
译文:China's netizens differ from those of America.
点评:本句中出现两个“网民”,译文不能重复译出netizen,后面的“网民”采用代词those指代,避免重复。
例6:大熊猫是一种温顺的动物,长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少,大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会有着特殊意义。
译文:The giant panda is a docile animal with unique black and white fur. Because of its rarity, it has been listed as an endangered species. It is of special significance for WWF (World Wildlife Fund).点评:本文连续多次出现“大熊猫”,再次提及相同的名词,英语中可以采用代词指代,如本例中后面的“大熊猫”可以采用it换掉,避免重复。
3、注意时态
时态和语态是在汉译英的每个段落中都需要注意考虑的问题。如果时间状语涉及过去就必须采用一般过去时,如果讲述的一般的习俗和习惯就必须采用一般现在时,如果时间从过去延续到现在就必须采用现在完成时。
例7:2010年,中国约有4.2亿网民( netizen ),且人数还在迅速增长。
译文:In 2010, China had about 420 million netizens, and the number is still under rapid growth.
点评:本例中前句的时间状语为“2010年”,是过去的时间,应该采用一般过去时翻译,后面的句子是现在的状况,应采用一般现在时翻译,如果用动词grow,则必须采用现在进行时。
例8:互联网的日渐流行带来了重大的社会变化。
译文:The increasing popularity of internet has spurred major social changes.
点评:本句的状况产生的影响波及到现在,应该采用现在完成时翻译。
4、词性转译
汉语英语两种语言在不同的词类上各有侧重,汉语动词较多,英语名词较多,要使得译文更为地道,可适当地把一些动词译为英语的名词。
例9:中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的。
译文:China's internet community enjoys the fastest growth in the world.
点评:本句一般的译文为China’s internet community is growing the fastest in the world.如果我们不采用动词来译“发展”,而转变为名词growth来译,译文更具备英语的特色。
例10:因其数量极少,大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。
译文:Because of its rarity, it has been listed as an endangered species.
点评:“数量较少”一般的译文是few、small in number,如果译为名词rarity,既简洁又地道。
5、采用亮点句型
汉译英时,可适当采用一些地道的英语结构,如并列结构等,使译文更具有表现力,获得更高的分数。
例11:随着旅行多了,年轻人在大城市和著名景点花的时间少了,他们反而更为偏远的地方所吸引。
译文:With accumulated traveling experiences, the young people are now spending less time in big cities and famous scenic spots, but more attracted by remote places.
点评:“年轻人在大城市和著名景点花的时间少了”看似“时间”为主语,但如果我们选用“年轻人”作为主语,后面的两个小句的主语就达成了一致:“年轻人在大城市和景点花较少的时间,被更为偏远的地方所吸引”,这样在同样的主语下,两个动词短语就能够达到平行对照的效果。
例12:最近调查显示,很多年轻人想要通过旅行体验不同的文化、丰富知识、扩展视野。
译文:According to a recent survey, many young people want to experience different cultures, enrich their mind and widen their horizons through traveling.
点评:本句“体验不同的文化、丰富知识、扩展视野”是并列的信息,译文采用并列的动词短语experience different cultures, enrich their mind and widen their horizons来翻译,文字工整,具有英语的美感。
四级翻译真题及参考译文:
互联网
中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的。2010年,中国约有4.2亿网民( netizen ),且人数还在迅速增长。互联网的日渐流行带来了重大的社会变化。中国网民往往不同于美国网民。美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使,用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、规划旅程或付款。中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网,因而更广泛地使用QQ、聊天室等。
参考译文
China's internet community enjoys the fastest growth in the world. In 2010, China had about 420 million netizens, and the number is still under rapid growth. The increasing popularity of internet has spurred major social changes. China’s netizens differ from those of America. American netizens are more often driven by practical needs, resorting to the internet to send e-mails, buy and sell goods, plan trips or pay for bills. Chinese netizens, however, use the internet for social purposes, with the wider use of the social media such as QQ and chat-rooms.
旅游
越来越多的中国年轻人正在对旅游产生兴趣,这是今年来的新趋势。年轻游客数量的不断增加,可以归因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。随着旅行多了,年轻人在大城市和著名景点花的时间少了,他们反而更为偏远的地方所吸引。有些人甚至选择长途背包旅行。最近调查显示,很多年轻人想要通过旅行体验不同的文化、丰富知识、扩展视野。
参考译文
More and more young people in China are interested in traveling, which is a new trend in recent years. The ever-increasing number of young tourists is attributable to their rapidly growing income and their curiosity to explore the outside world. With accumulated traveling experiences, the young people are now spending less time in big cities and famous scenic spots, but more attracted by remote places. Some even choose the long backpacking trips. According to a recent survey, many young people want to experience different cultures, enrich their mind and widen their horizons through traveling.
大熊猫
大熊猫是一种温顺的动物,长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少,大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会有着特殊意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来,大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中最稀有的成员,主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。目前,世界上大约有1000只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。因此,确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。
参考译文
The giant panda is a docile animal with unique black and white fur. Because of its rarity, it has been listed as an endangered species. It is of special significance for WWF (World Wildlife Fund). Since the establishment in 1961, the fund has adopted the giant panda as its logo. The panda is the rarest member of the bear family, mainly inhabiting the forests of southwestern China. Currently, there are about 1,000 giant pandas in the world. The bamboo-feeding animals are under many threats. Therefore, it is more important than ever to ensure the survival of the giant panda.
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